izindaba

1 Isicelo Esiyinhloko

1.1I-Twistless Roving

Ukuzulazula okungasontekile abantu abahlangana nakho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kunesakhiwo esilula futhi sakhiwe ama-monofilaments afanayo aqoqwe abe yinqwaba. I-roving engasontekile ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-alkali-free kanye ne-medium-alkali, ehlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngokomehluko wokubunjwa kwengilazi. Ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-rovings engilazi afanelekile, ububanzi bemicu yengilazi esetshenzisiwe kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-12 no-23 μm. Ngenxa yezici zayo, ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, njengezinqubo zokuvunguza kanye ne-pultrusion. Futhi ingalukwa ibe yizindwangu ezizulazulayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungezwani kwayo okufanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu yokusetshenziswa kwe-roving eqoshiwe nayo ibanzi kakhulu.

1.1.1Ukuzulazula okungapheli kokundiza

Enqubweni yokubumba umjovo we-FRP, i-twistless roving kumele ibe nalezi zinto ezilandelayo:

(1) Njengoba ukusika okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ekukhiqizeni, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ugesi omncane omile ukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusika, okudinga ukusebenza kahle kokusika.

(2) Ngemva kokusika, usilika oluhlaza uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzokhiqizwa, ngakho ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kukasilika kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuphakeme. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlakaza i-roving emicu ngemuva kokusika kuphezulu.

(3) Ngemva kokuqotshwa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi intambo eluhlaza ingambozwa ngokugcwele esikhunjeni, intambo eluhlaza kufanele ibe nefilimu enamathelayo.

(4) Ngenxa yokuthi kudingeka ukuthi kube lula ukugoqa phansi ukuze ukhiphe amabhamuza omoya, kuyadingeka ukuthi kungene inhlaka ngokushesha okukhulu.

(5)Ngenxa yamamodeli ahlukene ezibhamu ezifuthoza ezahlukene, ukuze zihambisane nezibhamu ezifutho ezahlukene, qinisekisa ukuthi ukujiya kocingo oluluhlaza kumaphakathi.

1.1.2I-Twistless Roving ye-SMC

I-SMC, eyaziwa nangokuthi inhlanganisela yokubumba amashidi, ingabonakala yonke indawo empilweni, njengezingxenye zezimoto ezaziwayo, obhavu kanye nezihlalo ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzisa i-SMC roving. Ekukhiqizeni, kunezidingo eziningi zokuzulazula kwe-SMC. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuchotshozwa okuhle, izakhiwo ezinhle zokunqanda ukusimama, kanye noboya obuncane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ishidi le-SMC elikhiqizwayo lifanelekile. Ku-SMC enemibala, izidingo zokuzulazula zihlukile, futhi kufanele kube lula ukungena ku-resin nokuqukethwe kwe-pigment. Imvamisa, i-fiberglass ejwayelekile ye-SMC roving ingu-2400tex, futhi kukhona nezimo ezimbalwa lapho kuyi-4800tex.

1.1.3Ukuzulazula okungasontekile kokujikajika

Ukuze kwenziwe amapayipi e-FRP anogqinsi oluhlukene, kwavela indlela yokugoqa ithangi lokugcina. Ukuze uzulazule ukuze ujike, kufanele ube nezici ezilandelayo.

(1) Kumelwe kube lula ukuteyipha, ngokuvamile kube ukuma kwetheyiphu eyisicaba.

(2) Njengoba i-roving evamile engasontiyo ivame ukuwa ngaphandle kweluphu lapho ikhishwa ku-bobbin, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuwohloka kwayo kukuhle uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi usilika owumphumela awukwazi ukuba ungcolile njengesidleke senyoni.

(3) Ukushuba akukwazi ukuba kukhulu noma kube kuncane ngokuzumayo, futhi ukwenzeka kwe-overhang ngeke kwenzeke.

(4) Isidingo sokuminyana komugqa sokuzungeza okungasontekile kufanele sifane futhi sibe ngaphansi kwenani elishiwo.

(5) Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kulula ukumanziswa uma udlula ethangini le-resin, ukungeneka kwe-roving kuyadingeka ukuthi kube kuhle.

1.1.4Ukuzulazula kwe-pultrusion

Inqubo ye-pultrusion isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene anezigaba ezihlukene ezihambisanayo. Ukuzulazula kwe-pultrusion kumele kuqinisekise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-fiber yengilazi yayo namandla angaqondile kusezingeni eliphezulu. I-roving for pultrusion esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni inhlanganisela yemicu eminingi kasilika eluhlaza, kanti eminye ingase ibe ama-rovings aqondile, kokubili okungenzeka. Ezinye izidingo zayo zokusebenza ziyefana nalezo zama-rovings ajikayo.

1.1.5 I-Twistless Roving for Weaving

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, sibona izindwangu ze-gingham ezinobukhulu obuhlukene noma izindwangu ezizulazulayo zibheke ohlangothini olufanayo, eziwumfanekiso womunye ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwe-roving, esetshenziselwa ukwaluka. I-roving esetshenzisiwe ibizwa nangokuthi i-roving yokweluka. Iningi lalezi zindwangu zigqanyiswe ekubunjweni kwe-FRP ye-lay-up. Ukweluka ama-rovings, izidingo ezilandelayo kufanele zihlangatshezwe:

(1) Ayizweli uma kuqhathaniswa.

(2) Kulula ukuteyipha.

(3) Ngenxa yokuthi ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukwaluka, kufanele kube nesinyathelo sokuyomisa ngaphambi kokweluka.

(4) Ngokuphathelene nokungezwani, kuqinisekiswa ngokuyinhloko ukuthi angeke kube ngokuzumayo okukhulu noma okuncane, futhi kufanele kugcinwe umfaniswano. Futhi uhlangabezane nemibandela ethile mayelana ne-overhang.

(5) Ukwehliswa isithunzi kungcono.

(6) Kulula ukungenwa nge-resin lapho udlula ethangini le-resin, ngakho-ke ukungena kufanele kube kuhle.

1.1.6 Ukuzulazula okungenazintambo ukuze uthole i-preform

Inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-preform, ngokuvamile, iqala ukwakha, futhi umkhiqizo utholakala ngemva kwezinyathelo ezifanele. Ekukhiqizeni, siqale sinqume i-roving, bese sifafaza i-roving eqoshiwe enetheni, lapho inetha kufanele ibe inetha elinomumo onqunywe kusengaphambili. Bese ufafaza i-resin ukuze ibumbe. Ekugcineni, umkhiqizo omise okwezimo ufakwa esikhunjeni, bese inhlaka ijovwe bese icindezelwa ngokushisa ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo. Izidingo zokusebenza ze-preform rovings ziyefana nalezo zama-jet rovings.

1.2 Indwangu ye-Glass fiber roving

Kunezindwangu eziningi ezizulazulayo, futhi i-gingham ingenye yazo. Enqubweni ye-FRP yokubeka isandla, i-gingham isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-substrate ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukwandisa amandla e-gingham, khona-ke udinga ukushintsha isiqondiso se-warp ne-weft yendwangu, engashintshwa ibe i-gingham engavamile. Ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yendwangu ye-checkered, izici ezilandelayo kufanele ziqinisekiswe.

(1) Ngendwangu, iyadingeka ukuba ibe isicaba iyonke, ngaphandle kwamaqhubu, imiphetho namakhona kufanele iqonde, futhi akufanele kube nezimpawu ezingcolile.

(2) Ubude, ububanzi, ikhwalithi, isisindo kanye nokuminyana kwendwangu kufanele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile.

(3) Imicu yengilazi yemicu kufanele igoqwe ngobunono.

(4) Ukuze ukwazi ukungenwa ngokushesha nge-resin.

(5) Ukoma nokuswakama kwezindwangu ezilukwe emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezithile.

1.3 I-Glass fiber mat

1.3.1I-strand mat eqoshiwe

Okokuqala nquma imicu yengilazi bese uwafafaza ebhandeni le-mesh elilungisiwe. Bese ufafaza i-binder kuso, uyishise ukuze inyibilike, bese uyipholisa ukuze iqine, bese kwakheka i-strand mat eqoshiwe. Amacansi omcu oqoshiwe asetshenziswa enqubweni yokubeka izandla nasekulukeni ulwelwesi lwe-SMC. Ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokusetshenziswa kwe-strand mat eqoshiwe, ekukhiqizeni, izidingo ze-strand mat eqoshiwe zimi kanje.

(1) Icansi lonke eliqotshiwe liyisicaba futhi lilingana.

(2) Izimbobo zomata osikiwe zincane futhi zinobukhulu obufanayo

(4) Hlangana nezindinganiso ezithile.

(5) Ingagcwala ngokushesha nge-resin.

1.3.2 I-strand mat eqhubekayo

Izintambo zengilazi zibekwe phansi ebhandeni le-mesh ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezithile. Ngokuvamile, abantu babeka ukuthi kufanele balaliswe ngomfanekiso ongu-8. Bese ufafaza okunamathelayo okuyimpushana phezulu bese ushisa ukuze ululaphe. Ama-strand mats aqhubekayo aphakeme kakhulu kunamacansi aqoshiwe ekuqiniseni izinto eziyinhlanganisela, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi imicu yengilazi kumata we-strand aqhubekayo. Ngenxa yomphumela wayo ongcono wokuthuthukisa, isetshenziswe ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene.

1.3.3I-Surface Mat

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-surface mat nakho kuvamile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, njengongqimba lwe-resin lwemikhiqizo ye-FRP, okuwumata ongaphezulu wengilazi ye-alkali emaphakathi. Thatha i-FRP njengesibonelo, ngoba i-surface mat yayo yenziwe ngengilazi ye-alkali ephakathi, yenza i-FRP izinze ngokwamakhemikhali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi i-surface mat ilula kakhulu futhi incane, ingakwazi ukudonsa i-resin eyengeziwe, engakwazi ukudlala indima yokuvikela kuphela kodwa futhi idlale indima enhle.

1.3.4Umata yenaliti

I-needle mat ihlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko izigaba ezimbili, isigaba sokuqala sipunch inaliti ye-fiber. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula, okokuqala nquma i-fiber yengilazi, ubukhulu bungaba ngu-5 cm, uyifafaze ngokungahleliwe phezu kwesisekelo, bese ubeka i-substrate ebhandeni lokudlulisa, bese ubhoboza i-substrate ngenaliti yokukhilosha, ngenxa umphumela wenaliti yokukhilosha, Imicu ibhobozwa ku-substrate bese icasulwa ukwenza isakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. I-substrate ekhethiwe nayo inezidingo ezithile futhi kufanele ibe nokuzwakala okuthambile. Imikhiqizo ye-needle mat isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komsindo kanye nezinto zokufakelwa ezishisayo ngokusekelwe ezintweni zazo. Yiqiniso, ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-FRP, kodwa ayizange idume ngoba umkhiqizo otholiwe unamandla aphansi futhi ujwayele ukuphuka. Olunye uhlobo lubizwa ngokuthi i-continuous filament-punched mat, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza nayo ilula kakhulu. Okokuqala, i-filament iphonswa ngokungahleliwe ebhandeni le-mesh elilungiselelwe kusengaphambili ngedivaysi yokuphonsa ucingo. Ngokufanayo, inaliti ye-crochet ithathwa ukuze i-acupuncture yakhe isakhiwo se-fiber enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ku-thermoplastics eqinisiwe ye-glass fiber, amacansi enaliti e-strand asetshenziswa kahle.

1.3.5Ithungiweumata

Imicu yengilazi eqotshiwe ingashintshwa ibe yizimo ezimbili ezihlukene phakathi kwebanga elithile lobude ngokusebenzisa isenzo sokuthunga somshini wokuhlanganisa. Eyokuqala iwukuba i-strand mat eqotshiwe, ethatha indawo yometa oqoshiwe oboshwe ngesibopho. Owesibili umata we-fiber ende, othatha indawo ye-strand mat eqhubekayo. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zinenzuzo efanayo. Abazisebenzisi izinto ezinamathelayo ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, begwema ukungcola nokumosha, futhi banelise ukuphishekela kwabantu ukonga izinsiza nokuvikela imvelo.

1.4 Imicu egayiwe

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-ground fiber ilula kakhulu. Thatha isigayo sesando noma isigayo sebhola bese ufaka imicu eqoshiwe kuyo. Imicu yokugaya nokugaya nayo inemisebenzi eminingi ekukhiqizeni. Enqubweni yomjovo wokusabela, i-fiber egayiwe isebenza njengezinto eziqinisayo, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kungcono kakhulu kunokweminye imicu. Ukuze ugweme imifantu futhi uthuthukise ukuncipha ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo ekhonjiwe kanye nebunjiwe, imicu egayiwe ingasetshenziswa njengezigcwalisi.

1.5 Indwangu ye-Fiberglass

1.5.1Indwangu yengilazi

Kungokohlobo lwendwangu ye-fiber yengilazi. Indwangu yengilazi ekhiqizwa ezindaweni ezahlukene inezindinganiso ezihlukene. Emkhakheni wendwangu yengilazi ezweni lami, ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili: indwangu yengilazi engena-alkali kanye nendwangu yengilazi ye-alkali ephakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwendwangu yengilazi kungashiwo ukuthi kubanzi kakhulu, futhi umzimba wemoto, i-hull, ithangi elivamile lokugcina, njll. kungabonakala emfanekisweni wendwangu yeglasi engena-alkali. Ngendwangu yengilazi ye-alkali ephakathi, ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kungcono, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yokupakisha kanye ne-corrosion. Ukuze wahlulele izici zezindwangu ze-fiber yengilazi, kudingekile ngokuyinhloko ukuqala ezicini ezine, izakhiwo ze-fiber ngokwayo, ukwakheka kwentambo ye-glass fiber, isiqondiso se-warp ne-weft kanye nephethini yendwangu. Esiqondisweni se-warp ne-weft, ukuminyana kuncike esakhiweni esihlukile sentambo kanye nephethini yendwangu. Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zendwangu zincike ekujuleni kwe-warp kanye ne-weft kanye nesakhiwo sentambo ye-glass fibre.

1.5.2 Iribhoni Lengilazi

Iribhoni lengilazi lihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili, uhlobo lokuqala i-selvedge, uhlobo lwesibili i-non-woven selvedge, eyalukwa ngokwephethini ye-plain weave. Amaribhoni engilazi angasetshenziselwa izingxenye zikagesi ezidinga izakhiwo ze-dielectric eziphezulu. Izingxenye zemishini kagesi ezinamandla aphezulu.

1.5.3 Indwangu engaqondile

Izindwangu ze-unidirectional ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ziboshwe kusuka emiculweni emibili yobukhulu obuhlukene, futhi izindwangu ezibangelwayo zinamandla amakhulu ekuqondeni okuyinhloko.

1.5.4 Indwangu enezinhlangothi ezintathu

Indwangu enezinhlangothi ezintathu ihlukile ekwakhekeni kwendwangu yendiza, ingama-ntathu, ngakho umphumela wayo ungcono kune-fiber yendiza evamile. I-fiber-reinforced composite material enezinhlangothi ezintathu kunezinzuzo ezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe eziqiniswe ngefayibha ezingenazo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-fiber inthathu-ntathu, umphumela uphelele ungcono, futhi ukumelana nomonakalo kuba namandla. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukwanda kwesidingo sayo endaweni yezindiza, ezimotweni nasemikhumbini kwenze lobu buchwepheshe buvuthwe kakhulu, futhi manje buthatha indawo emkhakheni wezemidlalo nemishini yezokwelapha. Izinhlobo zendwangu enezinhlangothi ezintathu zihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko zibe izigaba ezinhlanu, futhi kunezimo eziningi. Kungabonakala ukuthi isikhala sokuthuthukiswa kwezindwangu ezintathu-dimensional sikhulu.

1.5.5 Indwangu emise okwendwangu

Izindwangu ezibunjiwe zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe, futhi ukuma kwazo kuncike ikakhulukazi ekubunjweni kwento okufanele iqiniswe, futhi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana, kufanele kuhlanganiswe emshinini ozinikezele. Ekukhiqizeni, singenza umumo olinganayo noma ongenama-asymmetric ngokulinganiselwa okuphansi kanye namathemba amahle.

1.5.6 Indwangu ewumgogodla e-grooved

Ukwenziwa kwendwangu ye-groove core nakho kulula. Izendlalelo ezimbili zezindwangu zibekwe ngokuhambisana, bese zixhunywa imigoqo eqondile eqondile, futhi izindawo zazo eziphambanayo ziqinisekiswa ukuthi zingonxantathu abavamile noma onxande.

1.5.7 Indwangu ethungwe nge-Fiberglass

Kuyindwangu ekhetheke kakhulu, abantu futhi bayibiza ngokuthi umata olunisiwe nomata olulukiweyo, kodwa akuyona indwangu nomata njengoba siwazi ngomqondo ojwayelekile. Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi kunendwangu ehlanganisiwe, engalukwanga ndawonye nge-warp ne-weft, kodwa ihlanganiswe ngokushintshana nge-warp ne-weft. :

1.5.8 I-Fiberglass insulating sleeve

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula. Okokuqala, kukhethwa ezinye izintambo ze-fibre yengilazi, bese zilukwa zibe yisimo se-tubular. Khona-ke, ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zebanga lokufakelwa, imikhiqizo efiselekayo yenziwa ngokuyigcoba nge-resin.

1.6 Inhlanganisela ye-fiber yengilazi

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemibukiso yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe be-glass fiber nabo buye benza inqubekelaphambili enkulu, futhi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-glass fiber ivele kusukela ngo-1970 kuze kube manje. Ngokuvamile kukhona okulandelayo:

(1) Umata womucu oqoshiwe + umata ozungezayo ongasontiwe + oqotshiwe umucu

(2) Indwangu ezungezayo engasontiwe + umata womucu oqotshiwe

(3) Umata womucu oqotshiwe + umata womucu oqhubekayo + umata womucu oqotshiwe

(4) Ukuzulazula okungahleliwe + umata wesilinganiso osikiwe wasekuqaleni

(5) Unidirectional carbon fibre + Imicu eqotshiwe mat noma indwangu

(6) Umata ongaphezulu + imicu eqotshiwe

(7) Indwangu yengilazi + ingilazi intonga encane noma i-unidirectional roving + indwangu yengilazi

1.7 Indwangu yengilazi ye-fiber engalukiwe

Lobu buchwepheshe abutholakalanga okokuqala ezweni lami. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bakhiqizwa eYurophu. Kamuva, ngenxa yokufuduka kwabantu, lobu buchwepheshe balethwa e-United States, eNingizimu Korea nakwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imboni ye-glass fibre, izwe lami lisungule izimboni ezimbalwa ezinkulu futhi litshale imali eningi ekusungulweni kwemigqa yokukhiqiza eminingi yezinga eliphezulu. . Ezweni lakithi, amacansi ane-fiber wet-laid ahlukaniswa kakhulu abe yizigaba ezilandelayo:

(1) Umata wokufulela ufeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izici zolwelwesi lwetiyela nama- shingles anemibala e-asphalt, okuwenza abe muhle kakhulu.

(2) Ipayipi lepayipi: Njengegama, lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-glass fiber imelana nokugqwala, ingavikela kahle ipayipi ekugqwaleni.

(3) I-surface mat isetshenziswa kakhulu phezu kwemikhiqizo ye-FRP ukuyivikela.

(4) I-veneer mat isetshenziselwa kakhulu izindonga nophahla ngoba ingavimbela ngempumelelo upende ukuthi ungaqhekeki. Ingenza izindonga zibe zicaba futhi zingadingi ukusikwa iminyaka eminingi.

(5) Umata waphansi usetshenziswa kakhulu njengesisekelo sezinto eziphansi zePVC

(6) Umata wekhaphethi; njengento eyisisekelo kumakhaphethi.

(7) I-copper clad laminate mat exhunywe ku-laminate ye-copper clad ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kokubhoboza nokubhoboza.

2 Ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwe-glass fiber

2.1 Isimiso sokuqinisa ukhonkolo oqinisiwe we-fiber fiber

Umgomo we-glass fiber reinforced ukhonkolo ufana kakhulu ne-glass fiber reinforced composite materials. Okokuqala, ukwengeza i-glass fiber kukhonkolo, i-fiber yengilazi izothwala ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwezinto, ukuze kubambezeleke noma kuvimbele ukwanda kwama-micro-cracks. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kokuqhekeka kukakhonkolo, izinto ezisebenza njengeqoqo zizovimbela ukuvela kwemifantu. Uma umphumela we-aggregate muhle ngokwanele, imifantu ngeke ikwazi ukwanda futhi ingene. Indima ye-glass fiber kukhonkolo iyinhlanganisela, engavimbela ngokuphumelelayo isizukulwane nokwandiswa kwemifantu. Lapho ukuqhekeka kusakazeka eduze kwe-fiber yengilazi, i-fiber yengilazi izovimbela ukuqhubeka kokuqhekeka, ngaleyo ndlela iphoqe ukuqhekeka ukuba kuthathe indlela, futhi ngokuhambisanayo, indawo yokunwebeka yokuqhekeka izokwandiswa, ngakho-ke amandla adingekayo umonakalo nawo uzokwanda.

2.2 Indlela yokucekela phansi ukhonkolo oqinisiwe we-fiber fiber

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukhonkolo oqinisiwe we-fiber wengilazi unqamuke, amandla okuqina ewathwalayo ahlanganyela ikakhulukazi ukhonkolo kanye nefiber yengilazi. Phakathi nenqubo yokuqhekeka, ukucindezeleka kuzodluliselwa kusuka kukhonkolo kuya ku-fiber glass eseduze. Uma amandla e-tensile eqhubeka nokwanda, i-fiber yengilazi izolimala, futhi izindlela zomonakalo ikakhulukazi ukulimala kwe-shear, ukulimala kokucindezeleka, nokulimala kokudonsa.

2.2.1 Ukwehluleka ukugunda

Ukucindezeleka kwe-shear okubangelwa ukhonkolo oqinisiwe we-glass fiber kwabelwana nge-glass fiber kanye nekhonkrithi, futhi ukucindezeleka kwe-shear kuzodluliselwa ku-fiber yeglasi ngokusebenzisa ukhonkolo, ukuze isakhiwo se-fiber glass silimaze. Nokho, i-glass fiber inezinzuzo zayo. Inobude obude kanye nendawo encane yokumelana ne-shear, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana kwe-shear kwe-glass fiber kubuthakathaka.

2.2.2 Ukuhluleka kwengcindezi

Lapho amandla aqinile we-fiber yengilazi inkulu kunezinga elithile, i-glass fiber izophuka. Uma ukhonkolo uqhekeka, i-fiber yengilazi izoba yinde kakhulu ngenxa ye-tensile deformation, umthamo wayo we-lateral uzoncipha, futhi amandla aqinile azophuka ngokushesha.

2.2.3 Umonakalo wokudonsa

Uma ukhonkolo uphuka, amandla aqinile e-fiber yengilazi azothuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi amandla aqinile ayoba makhulu kunamandla phakathi kwe-glass fiber kanye nokhonkolo, ukuze i-fiber yengilazi yonakaliswe bese ikhishwa.

2.3 Izici ze-Flexural ze-glass fibre ukhonkolo oqinisiwe

Lapho ukhonkolo oqinisiwe uthwala umthwalo, ijika layo lokucindezeleka-ukucindezeleka lizohlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezihlukene kusukela ekuhlaziyweni komshini, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni. Isigaba sokuqala: ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic kwenzeka kuqala kuze kube yilapho kuvela ukuqhekeka kokuqala. Isici esiyinhloko salesi sigaba ukuthi ukuwohloka kwanda ngokulandelana kuze kufike iphuzu A, elimelela amandla okuqala okuqhekeka kokhonkolo oqinisiwe we-glass fiber. Isigaba sesibili: uma ukhonkolo uqhekekile, umthwalo owuthwalayo uzodluliselwa emiculweni eseduze ukuze ithwale, futhi umthamo wokuthwala unqunywa ngokusho kwe-glass fiber ngokwayo kanye namandla okubopha ngekhonkrithi. I-Point B ingamandla amakhulu okuguquguquka kwe-glass fiber reinforced concrete. Isigaba sesithathu: ukufinyelela emandleni okugcina, i-fiber yengilazi iyaphuka noma ikhishwe, futhi imicu esele isengakwazi ukuthwala ingxenye yomthwalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphuka okuphukayo ngeke kwenzeke.

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