1 Isicelo Esiyinhloko
Ukuzulazula okungasontekile abantu abahlangana nakho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kunesakhiwo esilula futhi sakhiwe ngama-monofilaments ahambisanayo aqoqwe abe yizinqwaba. Ukuzulazula okungasontekile kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: okungena-alkali kanye nokwe-medium-alkali, okuhlukaniswa kakhulu ngokwehluka kokwakheka kwengilazi. Ukuze kukhiqizwe ukuzulazula kwengilazi okufanelekile, ububanzi bemicu yengilazi esetshenziswayo kufanele bube phakathi kuka-12 no-23 μm. Ngenxa yezici zayo, ingasetshenziswa ngqo ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezithile ezihlanganisiwe, njengezinqubo zokugoqa kanye nokudonsa. Futhi ingalukwa ibe yizindwangu zokuzulazula, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwayo okufanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu yokusetshenziswa kokuzulazula okuqoshiwe nayo ibanzi kakhulu.
1.1.1Ukuhambahamba ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha ukuze ushaye indiza
Enqubweni yokubumba nge-FRP injection, i-twistless roving kumele ibe nezakhiwo ezilandelayo:
(1) Njengoba kudingeka ukusika okuqhubekayo ekukhiqizeni, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhiqizwa ugesi omncane ongashintshi ngesikhathi sokusika, okudinga ukusebenza kahle kokusika.
(2) Ngemva kokusika, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuzokhiqizwa usilika oluhlaza ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kokwakheka usilika kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuphezulu. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlakaza ukujikeleza kube yimicu ngemva kokusika kuphakeme.
(3) Ngemva kokunqunywa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intambo eluhlaza ingambozwa ngokuphelele esikhumbeni, intambo eluhlaza kumele ibe nesembozo esihle sefilimu.
(4) Ngenxa yokuthi kudingeka kube lula ukuyigoqa iqonde ukuze kuphume amabhamuza omoya, kuyadingeka ukuthi ingene ngokushesha kakhulu ku-resin.
(5) Ngenxa yamamodeli ahlukene ezibhamu zokufutha ezahlukahlukene, ukuze zivumelane nezibhamu zokufutha ezahlukene, qiniseka ukuthi ubukhulu bentambo eluhlaza buphakathi nendawo.
1.1.2Ukuzulazula Okungaguquki kwe-SMC
I-SMC, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sheet molding compound, ingabonakala yonke indawo empilweni, njengezingxenye zezimoto ezaziwayo, amabhavu okugeza kanye nezihlalo ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzisa i-SMC roving. Ekukhiqizweni, kunezidingo eziningi zokujikeleza kwe-SMC. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ishidi le-SMC elikhiqizwayo liyafaneleka. Ku-SMC enemibala, izidingo zokujikeleza zihlukile, futhi kumele kube lula ukungena ku-resin enokuqukethwe kombala. Ngokuvamile, i-fiberglass SMC roving evamile ingu-2400tex, futhi kunezinye izimo lapho ingu-4800tex.
1.1.3Ukuzulazula okungajiki ukuze kugoqwe
Ukuze kwenziwe amapayipi e-FRP anobukhulu obuhlukene, indlela yokugoqa ithangi lokugcina izinto yasungulwa. Ukuze kuzungezwe ukugoqa, kumele ibe nezici ezilandelayo.
(1) Kumelwe kube lula ukulitheyipha, ngokuvamile ngesimo setheyiphu eyisicaba.
(2) Njengoba ukuzulazula okuvamile okungasontekile kuthambekele ekuweni ngaphandle kweluphu uma kukhishwa ku-bobbin, kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukubola kwayo kuhle, futhi isilika eliphumayo alikwazi ukuba lingcolile njengesidleke senyoni.
(3) Ukucindezeleka akukwazi ukuba kukhulu noma kube kuncane ngokuzumayo, futhi isimo sokulenga ngokweqile asikwazi ukwenzeka.
(4) Imfuneko yobuningi obuqondile bokuhambahamba okungasontekile kufanele ifane futhi ibe ngaphansi kwenani elibekiwe.
(5) Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kulula ukumanziswa lapho kudlula ethangini le-resin, kudingeka ukuthi ukugeleza kwe-roving kube kuhle.
1.1.4Ukuzulazula ukuze kutholakale i-pultrusion
Inqubo ye-pultrusion isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenziweni kwamaphrofayili ahlukahlukene anezingxenye ezihambisanayo. Ukuzulazula kwe-pultrusion kumele kuqinisekise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwayo kwefayibha yengilazi kanye namandla ayo aqonde ngqo kusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuzulazula kwe-pultrusion okusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kuyinhlanganisela yemicu eminingi yesilika eluhlaza, kanti eminye ingaba ukuzulazula okuqondile, kokubili okungenzeka. Ezinye izidingo zayo zokusebenza zifana nalezo zokuzungeza okugoqekayo.
1.1.5 Ukuzulazula Okungaguquki Kokuluka
Empilweni yansuku zonke, sibona izindwangu ze-gingham ezinobukhulu obuhlukene noma izindwangu ezizulazulayo ziqonde ohlangothini olufanayo, okuyisibonelo sokunye ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kokuzulazula, okusetshenziselwa ukweluka. Ukuzulazula okusetshenziswayo kubizwa nangokuthi ukuzulazula kokweluka. Iningi lalezi zindwangu ligqanyiswe ekubunjweni kwe-FRP ngesandla. Kuma-roving okuluka, izidingo ezilandelayo kumele zihlangatshezwe:
(1) Ayigugi kakhulu.
(2) Kulula ukuyifaka ngetheyiphu.
(3) Ngenxa yokuthi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthungeni, kumele kube nesinyathelo sokomisa ngaphambi kokuthunga.
(4) Ngokuphathelene nokucindezeleka, kuqinisekiswa kakhulu ukuthi ngeke kube kukhulu noma kube kuncane ngokuzumayo, futhi kumele kugcinwe kufana. Futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezithile mayelana nokulenga.
(5) Ukubola kungcono.
(6) Kulula ukungena nge-resin uma udlula ethangini le-resin, ngakho-ke ukuvuleka kwayo kumele kube kuhle.
1.1.6 Ukuzulazula okungenazihibe ukuze kulungiswe i-preform
Inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-preform, ngokuvamile, iwukubumba kusengaphambili, futhi umkhiqizo utholakala ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezifanele. Ekukhiqizeni, siqala ngokusika i-roving, bese sifafaza i-roving eqoshiwe enetheni, lapho inethi kumele ibe inethi enesimo esinqunyiwe. Bese sifafaza i-resin ngendlela efanele. Ekugcineni, umkhiqizo omile ufakwa esikhumbeni, bese i-resin ifakwa bese icindezelwa ngokushisa ukuze kutholakale umkhiqizo. Izidingo zokusebenza ze-preform rovings zifana nalezo ze-jet rovings.
1.2 Indwangu yokuzulazula yefayibha yengilazi
Kunezindwangu eziningi ezizulazulayo, futhi i-gingham ingenye yazo. Enqubweni ye-FRP yokubeka ngesandla, i-gingham isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-substrate ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukwandisa amandla e-gingham, khona-ke udinga ukushintsha indlela yendwangu egobile neyokugoba, engaguqulwa ibe yi-gingham eqondene nelinye. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yendwangu enama-checkered, izici ezilandelayo kumele ziqinisekiswe.
(1) Ngendwangu, kudingeka ukuthi ibe yisicaba iyonke, ingabi namaqhubu, imiphetho namakhona kufanele kuqonde, futhi akufanele kube namabala angcolile.
(2) Ubude, ububanzi, ikhwalithi, isisindo kanye nobuningi bendwangu kumele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile.
(3) Imicu yefayibha yengilazi kumele igoqwe kahle.
(4) Ukukwazi ukungena ngokushesha nge-resin.
(5) Ukoma kanye nomswakama wezindwangu ezilukiwe emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezithile.
1.3 Umata wefayibha yengilazi
Okokuqala nquma imicu yengilazi bese uyifafaza ebhandeni elilungisiwe le-mesh. Bese ufafaza i-binder kuyo, uyifudumeze ukuze incibilike, bese uyipholisa ukuze iqine, bese kwakheka umata we-strand oqoshiwe. Ama-fibre omata aqoshiwe asetshenziswa enkambisweni yokubeka ngesandla kanye nasekulukeni ama-membrane e-SMC. Ukuze kufezwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu womata we-strand oqoshiwe, ekukhiqizeni, izidingo zomata we-strand oqoshiwe yilezi ezilandelayo.
(1) Lonke uhlaka oluqoshiwe luyisicaba futhi lulingana.
(2) Izimbobo zomathi oqoshiwe zincane futhi zilingana ngobukhulu
(4) Hlangana nezindinganiso ezithile.
(5) Ingagcwaliswa ngokushesha nge-resin.
1.3.2 Umata wentambo oqhubekayo
Imicu yengilazi ibekwa iqonde ebhandeni le-mesh ngokwezidingo ezithile. Ngokuvamile, abantu bathi kufanele ibekwe iqonde esithombeni esingu-8. Bese ufafaza i-powder adhesive phezulu bese uyishisa ukuze iqine. Imicu ye-strand eqhubekayo ingcono kakhulu kunemicu ye-strand eqoshiwe ekuqiniseni izinto ezihlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi ngoba imicu yengilazi kuma-strand e-strand eqhubekayo iyaqhubeka. Ngenxa yomphumela wayo wokuthuthukisa kangcono, isetshenziswe ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene.
1.3.3Uhlaka Lomphezulu
Ukusetshenziswa komata wobuso nakho kuvamile empilweni yansuku zonke, njengongqimba lwe-resin lwemikhiqizo ye-FRP, oluyi-mat yobuso beglasi ye-alkali ephakathi. Thatha i-FRP njengesibonelo, ngoba umata wayo wobuso wenziwe ngengilazi ye-alkali ephakathi, yenza i-FRP iqine ngamakhemikhali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba umata wobuso ulula kakhulu futhi mncane, ungamunca i-resin eningi, engagcini nje ngokudlala indima yokuvikela kodwa futhi idlale indima enhle.
1.3.4Umata wenaliti
Uhlaka lwenaliti luhlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezimbili, isigaba sokuqala ukubhoboza inaliti yefayibha eqoshiwe. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula kakhulu, qala ngokusika ifayibha yengilazi, ubukhulu bungaba ngu-5 cm, ufafaze ngokungahleliwe ezintweni eziyisisekelo, bese ubeka i-substrate ebhandeni lokuhambisa, bese ubhoboza i-substrate ngenaliti yokukhilosha, ngenxa yomphumela wenaliti yokukhilosha. Uhlaka lwentambo lubhobozwa ku-substrate bese luvuselelwa ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. I-substrate ekhethiwe nayo inezidingo ezithile futhi kumele ibe nomuzwa othambile. Imikhiqizo yohlaka lwenaliti isetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakweni komsindo kanye nezinto zokufaka ukushisa ngokusekelwe ezicini zazo. Vele, ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-FRP, kodwa ayizange ithandwe ngoba umkhiqizo otholiwe unamandla aphansi futhi uthambekele ekuqhekekeni. Olunye uhlobo lubizwa ngokuthi uhlaka lwentambo oluqhubekayo olubhobozwe ngenaliti, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza nayo ilula kakhulu. Okokuqala, uhlaka luphonswa ngokungahleliwe ebhandeni le-mesh elilungiselelwe kusengaphambili ngedivayisi yokuphonsa ucingo. Ngokufanayo, inaliti yokukhilosha ithathwa ukuze kwenziwe isakhiwo sefayibha esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ku-thermoplastics yefayibha yengilazi eqinisiwe, uhlaka lwenaliti oluqhubekayo lusetshenziswa kahle.
Imicu yengilazi eqoshiwe ingashintshwa ibe yizimo ezimbili ezahlukene ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile bobude ngokusebenzisa isenzo sokuthunga somshini wokubopha. Okokuqala ukuba umata wezintambo oqoshiwe, othatha indawo ngempumelelo kamata wezintambo oqoshiwe oboshwe nge-binder. Owesibili umata wezintambo omude, othatha indawo kamata wezintambo oqhubekayo. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zinenzuzo efanayo. Azisebenzisi izinti enqubweni yokukhiqiza, zigwema ukungcola kanye nokuchitha, futhi zanelisa ukuphishekela kwabantu ukonga izinsiza nokuvikela imvelo.
1.4 Imicu egayiwe
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ifayibha egayiwe ilula kakhulu. Thatha umshini wokugaya wesando noma umshini wokugaya ibhola bese ufaka imicu eqoshiwe kuwo. Imicu yokugaya nokugaya nayo inezinhlelo eziningi zokukhiqiza. Enqubweni yokufaka ukusabela, ifayibha egayiwe isebenza njengento yokuqinisa, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kungcono kakhulu kunokweminye imicu. Ukuze kugwenywe imifantu futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuncishiswa ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe nebunjiwe, imicu egayiwe ingasetshenziswa njengezigcwalisi.
1.5 Indwangu ye-fiberglass
1.5.1Indwangu yengilazi
Ingeyendwangu yefayibha yengilazi. Indwangu yengilazi ekhiqizwa ezindaweni ezahlukene inezindinganiso ezahlukene. Emkhakheni wendwangu yengilazi ezweni lakithi, ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili: indwangu yengilazi engena-alkali kanye nendwangu yengilazi ene-alkali ephakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwendwangu yengilazi kungathiwa kubanzi kakhulu, futhi umzimba wemoto, i-hull, ithangi lokugcina elivamile, njll. kungabonakala esithombeni sendwangu yengilazi engena-alkali. Ngendwangu yengilazi ene-alkali ephakathi, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kungcono, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yokupakisha kanye nemikhiqizo engagqwali. Ukuze wahlulele izici zezindwangu zefayibha yengilazi, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuqala ngezici ezine, izakhiwo zefayibha ngokwayo, isakhiwo sentambo yefayibha yengilazi, isiqondiso se-warp kanye ne-weft kanye nephethini yendwangu. Esiqondisweni se-warp kanye ne-weft, ubuningi buxhomeke esakhiweni esihlukile sentambo kanye nephethini yendwangu. Izakhiwo zomzimba zendwangu zincike ekuqineni kwe-warp kanye ne-weft kanye nesakhiwo sentambo yefayibha yengilazi.
1.5.2 Iribhoni Yengilazi
Iribhoni yengilazi ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezimbili, uhlobo lokuqala yi-selvedge, uhlobo lwesibili yi-selvedge engalukiwe, elukiwe ngokwephethini yokweluka okusobala. Amaribhoni engilazi angasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zikagesi ezidinga izakhiwo eziphezulu ze-dielectric. Izingxenye zemishini kagesi enamandla aphezulu.
1.5.3 Indwangu eqonde ngqo
Izindwangu eziqonde ngqo empilweni yansuku zonke zilukiwe ngezintambo ezimbili ezinobukhulu obuhlukene, futhi izindwangu eziphumayo zinamandla aphezulu ohlangothini oluyinhloko.
1.5.4 Indwangu enobukhulu obuthathu
Indwangu enezinhlangothi ezintathu ihlukile esakhiweni sendwangu yendiza, inobukhulu obuthathu, ngakho-ke umphumela wayo ungcono kune-fiber ejwayelekile yendiza. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe eziqiniswe ngezintambo ezintathu zinezinzuzo ezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe eziqiniswe ngezintambo ezingenazo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-fiber inobukhulu obuthathu, umphumela uwonke ungcono, futhi ukumelana nomonakalo kuba namandla. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, isidingo esikhulayo sayo ezindizayo, ezimotweni nasemikhumbini senze lobu buchwepheshe bukhula kakhulu, futhi manje buthatha indawo emkhakheni wezemidlalo nemishini yezokwelapha. Izinhlobo zendwangu ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezinhlanu, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi. Kungabonakala ukuthi isikhala sokuthuthukiswa kwezindwangu ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu sikhulu kakhulu.
1.5.5 Indwangu emile
Izindwangu ezibunjiwe zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe, futhi ukuma kwazo kuncike kakhulu ekumeni kwento ezoqiniswa, futhi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana, kumele zilukwe emshinini ozinikele. Ekukhiqizeni, singenza izimo ezilinganayo noma ezingalingani ngemikhawulo ephansi kanye namathuba amahle.
1.5.6 Indwangu eyinhloko enemivimbo
Ukwenziwa kwendwangu eyinhloko yomsele nakho kulula. Izingqimba ezimbili zezindwangu zifakwa ngokulingana, bese zixhunywa ngemigoqo eqondile eqondile, futhi izindawo zazo ezinqamulayo ziqinisekisiwe ukuthi ziyizinxantathu noma ama-rectangle ajwayelekile.
1.5.7 Indwangu ethungwe nge-fiberglass
Yindwangu ekhethekile kakhulu, abantu bayibiza nangokuthi umata othungiwe kanye nomata othungiwe, kodwa akuyona indwangu nomata njengoba sikwazi ngendlela evamile. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi kukhona indwangu ethungiwe, engalukwanga ndawonye nge-warp kanye ne-weft, kodwa ihlanganiswa nge-warp kanye ne-weft ngokushintshana.
1.5.8 Isikhafu sokuvikela i-fiberglass
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula kakhulu. Okokuqala, kukhethwa ezinye izindwangu zefayibha yengilazi, bese zilukwa zibe yisimo se-tubular. Bese, ngokwezidingo ezahlukene zezinga lokufakwa kokushisa, imikhiqizo efiselekayo yenziwa ngokuyigcoba nge-resin.
1.6 Inhlanganisela yefayibha yengilazi
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemibukiso yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe befayibha yengilazi nabo buthuthuke kakhulu, futhi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yefayibha yengilazi iye yavela kusukela ngo-1970 kuze kube manje. Ngokuvamile kukhona okulandelayo:
(1) Umata wezintambo oqoshiwe + ukuhambahamba okungasontekile + umata wezintambo oqoshiwe
(2) Indwangu engasontiwe + umata wentambo oqoshiwe
(3) Umata wentambo oqoshiwe + umata wentambo oqhubekayo + umata wentambo oqoshiwe
(4) Ukuzulazula okungahleliwe + umata wokuqala oqoshiwe
(5) I-carbon fiber eqondene ne-unidirectional + umata noma indwangu eqoshiwe
(6) Umata ongaphezulu + imicu eqoshiwe
(7) Indwangu yengilazi + induku encane yengilazi noma indwangu yengilazi ehamba iqonde ngqo + indwangu yengilazi
1.7 Indwangu engalukiwe yefayibha yengilazi
Lobu buchwepheshe abuzange butholakale okokuqala ezweni lakithi. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bakhiqizwa eYurophu. Kamuva, ngenxa yokufuduka kwabantu, lobu buchwepheshe balethwa e-United States, eNingizimu Korea nakwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko yemboni yefayibha yengilazi, izwe lami selisungule amafektri amaningana amakhulu futhi latshala imali eningi ekusungulweni kwemigqa eminingana yokukhiqiza esezingeni eliphezulu. . Ezweni lakithi, omata abamanzi abafakwe ifayibha yengilazi bahlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
(1) Umata wokufulela udlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo ze-asphalt membranes kanye ne-asphalt shingles ezinemibala, okwenza zibe zinhle kakhulu.
(2) Umata wepayipi: Njengoba nje negama lisho, lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-fiber yengilazi ayigqwali, ingawuvikela kahle umpayipi ekugqwaleni.
(3) Umata ongaphezulu usetshenziswa kakhulu ebusweni bemikhiqizo ye-FRP ukuze uvikeleke.
(4) Umata we-veneer usetshenziswa kakhulu ezindongeni naseziphahleni ngoba ungavimbela ngempumelelo upende ukuthi ungaqhekeki. Ungenza izindonga zibe zithe tyaba futhi kungadingeki zinqunywe iminyaka eminingi.
(5) Umata waphansi usetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto eziyisisekelo phansi kwe-PVC
(6) Umata wekhaphethi; njengezinto eziyisisekelo kumakhaphethi.
(7) Umata we-laminate ombozwe ngethusi oxhunywe ku-laminate ombozwe ngethusi ungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo kokubhoboza nokubhoboza.
2 Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwefayibha yengilazi
2.1 Isimiso sokuqinisa ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi
Isimiso sekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi sifana kakhulu nesezinto ezihlanganisiwe eziqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi. Okokuqala, ukufaka ifayibha yengilazi kukhonkrithi, ifayibha yengilazi izothwala ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwezinto, ukuze ibambezele noma ivimbele ukwanda kwemifantu emincane. Ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwemifantu yekhonkrithi, izinto ezisebenza njenge-aggregate zizovimbela ukwenzeka kwemifantu. Uma umphumela we-aggregate umuhle ngokwanele, imifantu ngeke ikwazi ukwanda nokungena. Indima yefayibha yengilazi kukhonkrithi i-aggregate, engavimbela ngempumelelo ukwenziwa nokwanda kwemifantu. Lapho umfantu usakazeka eduze kwefayibha yengilazi, ifayibha yengilazi izovimba inqubekela phambili yomfantu, ngaleyo ndlela iphoqe umfantu ukuba uphambuke, futhi ngokufanayo, indawo yokwanda yomfantu izokwanda, ngakho-ke amandla adingekayo emonakalweni nawo azokwanda.
2.2 Indlela yokubhubhisa ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi
Ngaphambi kokuba i-fiber yengilazi eqinisiwe ikhonkrithi iphuke, amandla okudonsa asetshenziswa kakhulu yikhonkrithi kanye ne-fiber yengilazi. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqhekeka, ukucindezeleka kuzodluliselwa kusuka kukhonkrithi kuye ku-fiber yengilazi eseduze. Uma amandla okudonsa eqhubeka nokwanda, i-fiber yengilazi izokonakala, futhi izindlela zokulimala ikakhulukazi ukulimala kokucheba, ukulimala kokucindezelwa, kanye nomonakalo wokudonsa.
2.2.1 Ukwehluleka kokusika
Ukucindezeleka kokusika okuthwalwa ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi kwabelana ngefayibha yengilazi kanye nokhonkolo, kanti ukucindezeleka kokusika kuzodluliselwa kufayibha yengilazi ngokusebenzisa ukhonkolo, ukuze isakhiwo sefayibha yengilazi sonakale. Kodwa-ke, ifayibha yengilazi inezinzuzo zayo. Inobude obude nendawo encane yokumelana nokusika, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nokusika kwefayibha yengilazi kubuthakathaka.
2.2.2 Ukwehluleka kokucindezeleka
Uma amandla okudonsa efayibha yengilazi edlula izinga elithile, ifayibha yengilazi izophuka. Uma ukhonkolo uqhekeka, ifayibha yengilazi izoba yinde kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kokudonsa, ivolumu yayo eseceleni izoncipha, futhi amandla okudonsa azophuka ngokushesha.
2.2.3 Umonakalo wokudonsa
Uma ukhonkolo usuphukile, amandla okudonsa efayibha yengilazi azokhula kakhulu, futhi amandla okudonsa azoba makhulu kunamandla aphakathi kwefayibha yengilazi nokhonkolo, ukuze ifayibha yengilazi yonakale bese ikhishwa.
2.3 Izakhiwo ezigobekayo zekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi
Uma ukhonkolo oqinisiwe uthwala umthwalo, ijika lawo lokucindezeleka lizohlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezahlukene kusukela ekuhlaziyweni komshini, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Isigaba sokuqala: ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic kwenzeka kuqala kuze kube yilapho kuvela ukuqhekeka kokuqala. Isici esiyinhloko salesi sigaba ukuthi ukuguqulwa kuyanda ngokulandelana kuze kube yilapho iphuzu A, elimelela amandla okuqala okuqhekeka kokhonkolo oqinisiwe wefayibha yengilazi. Isigaba sesibili: uma ukhonkolo usuqhekekile, umthwalo owuthwalayo uzodluliselwa kumafayibha aseduze ukuze uthwale, futhi umthamo wokuthwala unqunywa ngokuya ngefayibha yengilazi uqobo kanye namandla okubopha nokhonkolo. Iphuzu B liyimandla okuqina aphezulu efayibha yengilazi eqinisiwe. Isigaba sesithathu: ukufinyelela emandleni aphezulu, ifayibha yengilazi iyaphuka noma idonswe, futhi amafayibha asele asengathwala ingxenye yomthwalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqhekeka okuqhekekayo ngeke kwenzeke.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-06-2022
