izindaba

1. Imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu, i-fiber yengilazi ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sensimbi. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho nobuchwepheshe, i-fiber yengilazi ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile emikhakheni yezokuthutha, yokwakha, i-elekthronikhi, i-metallurgy, imboni yamakhemikhali, ukuvikela izwe, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Emhlabeni jikelele, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yengilazi kugxile kakhulu emazweni athuthukile njengeYurophu, i-United States, kanye neJapane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iYurophu futhi iyisifunda esinokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-fiber yengilazi emhlabeni, futhi i-fiber yengilazi edingekayo ibiza u-35% womkhiqizo ophelele womhlaba wonke. Ngo-2008, uhlelo lokukhulisa imboni ye-fiber yengilazi yomhlaba wonke luzoqaphela kakhulu. Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, amandla okukhiqizwa kwe-fiber yengilazi abonisa ukuthambekela kokukhula kancane. Ngo-2010, ukukhiqizwa kwe-fiber yengilazi yomhlaba wonke kucishe kube ngamathani ayizigidi ezi-5, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngokushesha esikhathini esizayo.

2. Imakethe yasekhaya

Ngenxa yokuguqulwa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe, ikhwalithii-fiber yengilazi Imikhiqizo ezweni lakithi ibilokhu isezingeni eliphezulu, futhi imikhiqizo yokucubungula okujulile nayo iyanda unyaka nonyaka. Emkhakheni we-fiber yengilazi ezweni lakithi, izinga lenzuzo eliphelele lamabhizinisi liphakathi kuka-25-35%, okuphakeme kakhulu kunezinga lenzalo langaphandle elingu-10%. Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, imboni ye-fiber yengilazi ibilokhu iphethwe isikhathi eside. Njengamandla amasha emkhakheni we-fiber yengilazi, izwe lami belilokhu likhulisa amandla alo okukhiqiza ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-20 minyaka yonke ngomsebenzi onzima wososayensi abaningi. Lizothatha isabelo esingaphezu kuka-60% somhlaba wonke futhi libe ngumholi emakethe ye-fiber yengilazi yomhlaba wonke.

Intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami eminyakeni yamuva nje iqhutshwa kakhulu yizici ezimbili: ukudonswa kwezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Ukwanda kwemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe unyaka nonyaka kwenza isidingo esiphelele sikhuphuke, futhi kwenza ezinye izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zenze indawo yezinkampani zasekhaya emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yomthamo ophansi wokukhiqiza; kuyilapho ukukhula kwemakethe yasekhaya kuzuzisa intuthuko esheshayo yezinkampani ezingezansi. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu yentuthuko, insimu yefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami yakheke isikali esikhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimu yefayibha yengilazi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, imikhiqizo yefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami inemininingwane embalwa kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa obulinganiselwe. Kodwa lokhu ngokubona okukodwa, imboni yefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami iyathuthuka nsuku zonke, futhi kunendawo enkulu yokuthuthuka.

Imboni yefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami ayizange iqale kudala njengasemazweni athuthukile, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engama-20 yokusebenza kanzima, imboni yefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami ifinyelele intuthuko emangalisayo. Izinga lokukhula kwemikhiqizo yezwe lami lishesha kakhulu. Uma liqhathaniswa namanye amazwe athuthukile, izwe lami liphakathi kwezingcono kakhulu ngokwezinga lokukhula. Maphakathi nawo-1980, umkhiqizo wefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami wawungaphansi kwamathani ayi-100,000, okubalwa cishe u-5% womkhiqizo wefayibha yengilazi wezwe lonke. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kuka-1990, imboni yefayibha yengilazi yathuthuka ngokushesha. Lapho imboni yefayibha yengilazi yomhlaba wonke ngo-2001-2003 Lapho yayisemaphethelweni, ngokungafani namanye amazwe, izwe lethu lathinteka kancane, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwakusakhula. Ngo-2003, umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wefayibha yengilazi ezweni lami ufinyelele amathani angama-470,000, wafinyelela ku-20% womkhiqizo wefayibha yengilazi wezwe lonke, futhi uqede ngokuphelele izinkomba ze-“Tenth Five-Year Plan”. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuyahambisana, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami, okwenza inani lokungenisa kanye nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe nalo likhuphuke ngokulandelana.

Ngo-2003, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami usudlule ingxenye yesamba somkhiqizo. Ngaphandle, imboni yefayibha yengilazi yezwe lami ibilokhu ihambisana nomhlaba, ihlanganiswe nomhlaba, futhi izinzuzo zayo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe nazo ziyakhula. Ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo yefayibha yengilazi ezweni lami, isidingo sobuchwepheshe obusha bangaphandle kanye nemikhiqizo emisha siyakhula, okwakhe umbuthano omuhle. Ngo-2004, izwe lami lase lifeze iphupho lalo lesikhathi eside lokuthumela ngaphandle okungaphezu kokungenisa kwalo.

Ngo-2006, umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke we-fiber yengilazi ezweni lakithi wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.16, ukwanda ngo-22%, kanti izinga lokuthengisa umkhiqizo ladlula u-99%. Inhloko-dolobha yamabhizinisi e-fiber yengilazi yadlula u-23.7 billion yuan, ukwanda okungaphezu kuka-30%. Nakuba amanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa ekhuphukile, inzuzo nayo ikhuphukile ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe. Inzuzo yemboni yonke ye-fiber yengilazi icishe ibe yi-2.6 billion yuan, ukwanda okucishe kube ngu-40%. Ngokuphathelene nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, imali yangaphandle yathola cishe amadola aseMelika ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.2, kanti inani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lafika ku-790,000 amathani, ukwanda ngo-39%. Ngo-2007, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo wemboni ye-fiber yengilazi yezwe lami lafika ku-37.2 billion, ukwanda ngo-38% kunonyaka odlule. Inzuzo iyonke yafika ku-3.5 billion yuan, ukwanda ngo-51% kunonyaka odlule.

Ngo-2008, ngenxa yenkinga yezezimali yomhlaba wonke, izwe lami nalo lathinteka, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-fiber yengilazi kwaba kubi kakhulu. Ngenxa yokwehla komnotho womhlaba wonke kanye nokungalingani okukhulu phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo, izwe lami lathuthukisa ngamandla imikhiqizo engezansi yemboni ye-fiber yengilazi, futhi imboni ye-fiber yengilazi ekulahlekelweni kwezwe lami kuncishisiwe.

Ekupheleni kuka-2011, umkhiqizo wentambo yefayibha yengilazi ezweni lakithi wafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.72, ukwanda ngo-17%. Uma sibheka umkhiqizo wezifundazwe ezahlukene kanye namadolobha ezweni lonke, umkhiqizo wefayibha yengilazi eSifundazweni saseShandong wanda kakhulu, ngomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.25, ukwanda kunonyaka odlule. 19%, okwenza u-34% womkhiqizo wefayibha yengilazi wezwe. Endaweni yesibili yisifundazwe saseZhejiang, esibangela u-20% womkhiqizo ophelele. Njengoba imboni yefayibha yengilazi ikhula ngokushesha nangokushesha, ukuncintisana ngaphakathi kwemboni kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu, izinkampani eziningi ezinhle kakhulu seziqalile ukugxila ocwaningweni lwemakethe, futhi zilwela ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zamakhasimende.

Ngezinga elikhulu, ngenxa yokufika kokuhlanganiswa komhlaba wonke, iMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngokuthuthuka komnotho wesifunda sase-Asia-Pacific, isidingo sefayibha yengilazi sisakhula. Futhi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, abantu bazosebenzisa ifayibha yengilazi emkhakheni wamandla omoya, ngakho-ke amathuba embonini yefayibha yengilazi nawo akhanya kakhulu.

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