Ngomqondo obanzi, ukuqonda kwethu imicu yengilazi bekulokhu kungukuthi iyinto engezona ezensimbi, kodwa ngokujula kocwaningo, siyazi ukuthi empeleni kunezinhlobo eziningi zemicu yengilazi, futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi lapho. ziningi ezivelele Izinzuzo. Isibonelo, amandla ayo okusebenza aphakeme kakhulu, futhi ukumelana nokushisa kwayo nokumelana nokugqwala nakho kuhle kakhulu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi akukho lutho oluphelele, futhi i-fiber yengilazi nayo ineziphambeko zayo ezingenakunakwa, okungukuthi, ayimelani nokugqoka futhi ijwayele ukuba brittleness. Ngakho-ke, lapho sisebenza ngokoqobo, kumelwe siwasebenzise amandla ethu futhi sigweme ubuthakathaka bethu.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-glass fiber kulula ukuzithola, ikakhulukazi ingilazi endala elahliwe noma imikhiqizo yengilazi. Umucu wengilazi muhle kakhulu, futhi ama-monofilaments engilazi angaphezu kuka-20 ehlangene alingana nokuqina kwezinwele. I-Glass fiber ngokuvamile ingasetshenziswa njengento eqinisayo ezintweni eziyinhlanganisela. Ngenxa yokujula kocwaningo lwefayibha yengilazi eminyakeni yamuva, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni nasekuphileni kwethu. Izihloko ezimbalwa ezilandelayo zichaza ngokuyinhloko inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-glass fiber. Lesi sihloko sethula izakhiwo, izingxenye eziyinhloko, izici eziyinhloko, nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-glass fiber. Izihloko ezimbalwa ezilandelayo zizoxoxa ngenqubo yayo yokukhiqiza, ukuvikelwa kokuphepha, Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko, ukuvikelwa kokuphepha, isimo semboni kanye namathemba okuthuthukiswa kuchazwe.
Iisingeniso
1.1 Izakhiwo ze-Glass fiber
Esinye isici esihle kakhulu somucu wengilazi amandla ayo aqinile, angafinyelela ku-6.9g/d esimweni esijwayelekile kanye no-5.8g/d esimweni esimanzi. Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezinjalo zenza i-glass fiber ivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto eziqinisayo. Ine-A density engu-2.54. I-Glass fiber nayo ikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, futhi igcina izici zayo ezijwayelekile ku-300°C. I-fiberglass nayo kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengento yokufaka ukushisa nokuvikela, ngenxa yezindawo zayo zokuvikela ugesi kanye nokungakwazi ukugqwala kalula.
1.2 Izithako ezisemqoka
Ukwakheka kwe-glass fiber kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye eziyinhloko eziqashelwa yiwo wonke umuntu ziyi-silica, i-magnesium oxide, i-sodium oxide, i-boron oxide, i-aluminium oxide, i-calcium oxide nokunye. Ububanzi be-monofilament ye-glass fiber cishe bungama-microns angu-10, okulingana ne-1/10 yobubanzi bezinwele. Isixha ngasinye semicu sakhiwe izinkulungwane zama-monofilaments. Inqubo yokudweba ihluke kancane. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwe-silica ku-fiber yengilazi kubala ama-50% kuya ku-65%. Amandla aqinile emicu yengilazi enokuqukethwe kwe-aluminium oxide ngaphezu kuka-20% aphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokuvamile imicu yengilazi enamandla amakhulu, kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium oxide emicu yengilazi engena-alkali ngokuvamile cishe ku-15%. Uma ufuna ukwenza i-fiber yengilazi ibe ne-elastic modulus enkudlwana, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium oxide kungaphezu kuka-10%. Ngenxa yomucu wengilazi oqukethe inani elincane le-ferric oxide, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuye kwathuthukiswa kwaba ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.
1.3 Izici Eziyinhloko
1.3.1 Impahla kanye nezicelo
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemicu ye-inorganic, izakhiwo zemicu yengilazi ziphakeme kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukuvutha, ukumelana nokushisa, ukuvalela ukushisa, ukuzinza kakhulu, nokungazweli. Kodwa i-brittle futhi ayinawo amandla okugqoka. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulasitiki aqinisiwe noma asetshenziselwa ukuqinisa irabha, njenge-fiber yengilazi eqinisayo inezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Amandla ayo aqinile angcono kunezinye izinto, kodwa ubude buphansi kakhulu.
(2) I-elastic coefficient ifaneleka kakhulu.
(3) Ngaphakathi komkhawulo wokunwebeka, umcu wengilazi unganwebeka isikhathi eside futhi uqine kakhulu, ngakho ungamunca inani elikhulu lamandla lapho ubhekene nomthelela.
(4) Njengoba i-glass fiber iyi-inorganic fiber, i-inorganic fiber inezinzuzo eziningi, akulula ukuyishisa futhi izici zayo zamakhemikhali azinzile.
(5) Akulula ukumunca amanzi.
(6) Imelana nokushisa futhi izinzile ngokwemvelo, akulula ukusabela.
(7) Ukucutshungulwa kwayo kuhle kakhulu, futhi ingacutshungulwa ibe yimikhiqizo emihle kakhulu ehlukahlukene njengemicu, izintambo, izinyanda, nezindwangu ezilukiwe.
(8) Ingadlulisela ukukhanya.
(9) Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokwakha kulula ukuzithola, intengo ayibizi.
(10) Ekushiseni okuphezulu, esikhundleni sokuvutha, liyancibilika libe ubuhlalu obuwuketshezi.
1.4 Ukuhlelwa
Ngokusho kwamazinga ahlukene okuhlukanisa, i-glass fiber ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningi. Ngokusho komumo nobude obuhlukene, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: imicu eqhubekayo, ukotini we-fiber kanye nemicu yobude obungaguquki. Ngokusho kwezingxenye ezahlukene, njengokuqukethwe kwe-alkali, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-alkali-free glass fiber, i-medium-alkali glass fiber, ne-high-alkali glass fiber.
1.5 Izinto zokwenziwa zokukhiqiza
Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela kwezimboni, ukuze sikhiqize i-glass fiber, sidinga i-alumina, isihlabathi se-quartz, i-limestone, i-pyrophyllite, i-dolomite, i-soda ash, i-mirabilite, i-boric acid, i-fluorite, i-glass glass fiber, njll.
1.6 Indlela yokukhiqiza
Izindlela zokukhiqiza zezimboni zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: eyodwa iwukuncibilikisa imicu yengilazi kuqala, bese wenza imikhiqizo yengilazi eyindilinga noma emise okwenduku enobubanzi obuncane. Khona-ke, iyashiswa futhi iphinde incibilike ngezindlela ezahlukene ukwenza imicu emihle enobubanzi obungu-3-80 μm. Olunye uhlobo luphinde luncibilikise ingilazi kuqala, kodwa lukhiqize imicu yengilazi esikhundleni sezinduku noma izimbulunga. Isampula libe selidonswa ngepuleti le-platinum alloy kusetshenziswa indlela yokudweba eyimishini. Izihloko eziwumphumela zibizwa ngokuthi imicu eqhubekayo. Uma imicu idwetshwa ngohlelo lwamarola, ama-athikili avelayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-discontinuous fibers, aziwa nangokuthi ama-cut-to-length fibers, kanye nama-staple fibers.
1.7 Ukugreda
Ngokusho kokwakheka okuhlukile, ukusetshenziswa kanye nezakhiwo ze-glass fiber, ihlukaniswe ngamamaki ahlukahlukene. Imicu yengilazi eye yathengiswa emhlabeni wonke imi kanje:
1.7.1 Ingilazi ye-E
Kuyingilazi ye-borate, ebizwa nangokuthi ingilazi engena-alkali empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziningi, isetshenziswa kabanzi. Njengamanje iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu, nakuba isetshenziswa kabanzi, kodwa futhi inokushiyeka okungagwemeki. Isabela kalula ngosawoti we-inorganic, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyigcina endaweni ene-acidic.
1.7.2 C-ingilazi
Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, kubizwa nangokuthi ingilazi ye-alkali ephakathi, enezindawo zamakhemikhali ezinzile kanye nokumelana okuhle kwe-asidi. Ububi bayo ukuthi amandla emishini awaphezulu futhi ukusebenza kukagesi kubi. Izindawo ezihlukene zinezindinganiso ezihlukene. Embonini yasekhaya ye-glass fiber, ayikho i-boron element engilazini ye-alkali ephakathi. Kodwa embonini yengilazi yengilazi yangaphandle, abakukhiqizayo ingilazi ye-alkali ephakathi equkethe i-boron. Akukhona kuphela okuqukethwe okuhlukile, kodwa futhi indima edlalwa ingilazi ye-alkali ephakathi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe nayo ihlukile. Omata be-glass fibre surface kanye nezinduku ze-glass fibre ezikhiqizwa phesheya zenziwe ngengilazi ye-alkali ephakathi. Ekukhiqizeni, ingilazi ye-alkali ephakathi nayo iyasebenza ku-asphalt. Ezweni lami, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yentengo yayo ephansi kakhulu, futhi isebenza yonke indawo embonini yendwangu yokusonga kanye nesihlungi.
1.7.3 Ifayibha yengilazi A ingilazi
Ekukhiqizeni, abantu baphinde bayibize ngengilazi ye-alkali ephezulu, eyingxenye yengilazi ye-sodium silicate, kodwa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo namanzi, ngokuvamile ayikhiqizwa njenge-glass fiber.
1.7.4 Ingilazi ye-Fiberglass D
Ibizwa nangokuthi ingilazi ye-dielectric futhi ngokuvamile iyimpahla eyinhloko ye-dielectric glass fibers.
1.7.5 Ingilazi yengilazi enamandla amakhulu
Amandla ayo aphakeme ngo-1/4 kunawe-E-glass fiber, futhi i-elastic modulus yayo iphakeme kunaleyo ye-E-glass fiber. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezihlukahlukene, kufanele isetshenziswe kabanzi, kodwa ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphezulu, okwamanje Ibuye isetshenziswe kuphela kwezinye izinkambu ezibalulekile, njengemboni yezempi, i-aerospace nokunye.
1.7.5 Ingilazi ye-Glass fiber AR
Ibuye ibizwe nge-alkali-resistant glass fiber, okuyi-fibre ehlanzekile ye-inorganic futhi isetshenziswa njengento eqinisayo kukhonkolo eqinisiwe ye-glass fiber. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ingakwazi ngisho nokuthatha indawo yensimbi ne-asbestos.
1.7.6 Ingilazi ye-Glass fiber E-CR
Kuyingilazi ethuthukisiwe engenayo i-boron ne-alkali. Ngenxa yokuthi ukumelana kwayo namanzi cishe kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10 kunaleyo ye-alkali-free glass fiber, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo engangeni emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana kwayo ne-asidi nakho kunamandla kakhulu, futhi kunesikhundla esiphezulu ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwemicu yengilazi evamile okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, ososayensi manje sebesungule uhlobo olusha lwe-glass fiber. Ngenxa yokuthi iwumkhiqizo ongenayo i-boron, wenelisa ukuphishekela kwabantu ukuvikela imvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva, kunolunye uhlobo lwe-glass fiber oluthandwa kakhulu, okuyi-glass fiber ene-double glass composition. Emikhiqizweni yoboya bengilazi yamanje, singakwazi ukubona ubukhona bayo.
1.8 Ukukhonjwa kwemicu yengilazi
Indlela yokuhlukanisa imicu yengilazi ilula kakhulu, okungukuthi, faka imicu yengilazi emanzini, ukushisa kuze kube yilapho amanzi ebila, bese uyigcina amahora angu-6-7. Uma uthola ukuthi izikhombisi-ndlela ze-warp ne-weft zemicu yengilazi ziba zincane, ziyimicu yengilazi ye-alkali ephezulu. . Ngokusho kwamazinga ahlukene, kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa imicu yengilazi, evame ukuhlukaniswa ngemibono yobude nobubanzi, ukwakheka nokusebenza.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-22-2022
