Ngomqondo obanzi, ukuqonda kwethu i-fiber yengilazi bekulokhu kuwukuthi iyinto engeyona eyensimbi engaphili, kodwa ngokujula kocwaningo, siyazi ukuthi empeleni kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-fiber yengilazi, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi kunezinzuzo eziningi ezivelele. Isibonelo, amandla ayo okusebenza aphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokushisa kanye nokumelana nokugqwala nakho kuhle kakhulu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ayikho into ephelele, futhi i-fiber yengilazi nayo inezinkinga zayo ezingenakuzinakwa, okungukuthi, ayigugi futhi ithambekele ekuqhekekeni. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo, kumelwe sisebenzise amandla ethu futhi sigweme ubuthakathaka bethu.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zefayibha yengilazi kulula ukuzithola, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo yengilazi endala noma yengilazi elahliwe. Ifayibha yengilazi ilungile kakhulu, futhi ama-monofilament engilazi angaphezu kuka-20 ndawonye alingana nobukhulu bezinwele. Ifayibha yengilazi ingasetshenziswa njengento yokuqinisa ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe. Ngenxa yokujula kocwaningo lwefayibha yengilazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni nasekuphileni kwethu. Izihloko ezimbalwa ezilandelayo zichaza kakhulu inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwefayibha yengilazi. Lesi sihloko sethula izakhiwo, izingxenye eziyinhloko, izici eziyinhloko, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto zefayibha yengilazi. Izihloko ezimbalwa ezilandelayo zizoxoxa ngenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuvikelwa kokuphepha, Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko, ukuvikelwa kokuphepha, isimo semboni kanye namathuba okuthuthukiswa achazwe.
Iisingeniso
1.1 Izakhiwo zefayibha yengilazi
Esinye isici esihle kakhulu sefayibha yengilazi amandla ayo aphezulu okubamba, angafinyelela ku-6.9g/d esimweni esijwayelekile kanye no-5.8g/d esimweni esimanzi. Izakhiwo ezinhle kangaka zenza ifayibha yengilazi ivame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yonke njengezinto zokuqinisa. Ine-A density engu-2.54. Ifayibha yengilazi nayo imelana nokushisa kakhulu, futhi igcina izakhiwo zayo ezijwayelekile ku-300°C. Ifayibha yengilazi futhi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengento yokuvikela ukushisa kanye nezinto zokuvikela, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuvikela kagesi kanye nokungakwazi kwayo ukugqwala kalula.
1.2 Izithako eziyinhloko
Ukwakheka kwefayibha yengilazi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye eziyinhloko eziqashelwa yiwo wonke umuntu yi-silica, i-magnesium oxide, i-sodium oxide, i-boron oxide, i-aluminium oxide, i-calcium oxide njalo njalo. Ububanzi be-monofilament yefayibha yengilazi bungama-microns ayi-10, okulingana ne-1/10 yobubanzi bezinwele. Inqwaba ngayinye yefayibha yakhiwe izinkulungwane ze-monofilaments. Inqubo yokudweba ihlukile kancane. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwe-silica kufayibha yengilazi kubalwa phakathi kuka-50% no-65%. Amandla okuthamba kwefayibha yengilazi enokuqukethwe kwe-aluminium oxide okungaphezu kuka-20% aphezulu, ngokuvamile anamandla amakhulu efayibha yengilazi, kanti okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium oxide kwefayibha yengilazi engena-alkali ngokuvamile kungaba ngu-15%. Uma ufuna ukwenza ifayibha yengilazi ibe ne-modulus enkulu ye-elastic, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium oxide kungaphezu kuka-10%. Ngenxa yefayibha yengilazi equkethe inani elincane le-ferric oxide, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuthuthukisiwe ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.
1.3 Izici Eziyinhloko
1.3.1 Izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemicu engaphili, izakhiwo zemicu yengilazi zingcono kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukuyivuthisa, ayishisi, ayivali ukushisa, izinzile futhi ayibambi. Kodwa iyaphuka futhi ayigugi kahle. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulasitiki aqinisiwe noma isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa irabha, njengoba i-fiber yengilazi inezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Amandla ayo okubamba angcono kunezinye izinto, kodwa ukunwebeka kuphansi kakhulu.
(2) I-elastic coefficient ifaneleka kakhulu.
(3) Ngaphakathi komkhawulo wokunwebeka, i-fiber yengilazi inganwebeka isikhathi eside futhi iqine kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingamunca amandla amaningi lapho ibhekene nokushayisana.
(4) Njengoba i-fiber yengilazi iyi-fiber engaphili, i-fiber engaphili inezinzuzo eziningi, akulula ukuyishisa futhi izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali zizinzile.
(5) Akulula ukumunca amanzi.
(6) Ayimelani nokushisa futhi izinzile ngokwemvelo, akulula ukusabela.
(7) Ukucutshungulwa kwayo kuhle kakhulu, futhi ingacutshungulwa ibe imikhiqizo emihle kakhulu ngezimo ezahlukahlukene njengezintambo, amafelt, amaqoqo, kanye nezindwangu ezilukiwe.
(8) Ingadlulisa ukukhanya.
(9) Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokwakha kulula ukuzithola, intengo ayibizi.
(10) Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, esikhundleni sokusha, liyancibilika libe ama-bead aketshezi.
1.4 Ukuhlukaniswa
Ngokwezindinganiso ezahlukene zokuhlukanisa, i-fiber yengilazi ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningi. Ngokwezimo nobude obuhlukene, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: imicu eqhubekayo, ukotini we-fiber kanye nemicu yobude obungaguquki. Ngokwezingxenye ezahlukene, njengokuqukethwe kwe-alkali, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-fiber yengilazi engena-alkali, i-fiber yengilazi ephakathi ne-alkali, kanye ne-fiber yengilazi ene-alkali ephezulu.
1.5 Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza
Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela kwezimboni, ukuze sikhiqize i-fiber yengilazi, sidinga i-alumina, isihlabathi se-quartz, i-limestone, i-pyrophyllite, i-dolomite, i-soda ash, i-mirabilite, i-boric acid, i-fluorite, i-fiber yengilazi egayiwe, njll.
1.6 Indlela yokukhiqiza
Izindlela zokukhiqiza zezimboni zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: esinye siwukuncibilikisa imicu yengilazi kuqala, bese senza imikhiqizo yengilazi eyindilinga noma efana nenduku enobubanzi obuncane. Bese, iyashiswa futhi incibilikiswe ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze kwenziwe imicu emihle enobubanzi obungu-3-80 μm. Olunye uhlobo luphinde luncibilikise ingilazi kuqala, kodwa lukhiqize imicu yengilazi esikhundleni sezinduku noma ama-sphere. Isampula yabe isidonswa ngepuleti le-platinum alloy kusetshenziswa indlela yokudweba ngomshini. Izinto ezivelayo zibizwa ngokuthi imicu eqhubekayo. Uma imicu idonswa ngokuhlelwa kwe-roller, izinto ezivelayo zibizwa ngokuthi imicu engapheli, eyaziwa nangokuthi imicu yengilazi esikiwe ubude, kanye nemicu eyisisekelo.
1.7 Ukuhlolwa kwamagredi
Ngokwendlela eyahlukene yokwakheka, ukusetshenziswa kanye nezakhiwo zefayibha yengilazi, ihlukaniswe ngamanani ahlukahlukene. Imicu yengilazi eye yathengiswa emhlabeni wonke yile elandelayo:
1.7.1 Ingilazi ye-E
Yingilazi ye-borate, ebizwa nangokuthi ingilazi engena-alkali empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziningi, iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu. Okwamanje iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu, yize isetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa futhi inezinkinga ezingenakugwenywa. Isabela kalula nosawoti ongaphili, ngakho kunzima ukuyigcina endaweni ene-acidic.
1.7.2 Ingilazi ye-C
Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, ibizwa nangokuthi ingilazi ye-alkali ephakathi nendawo, enezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile kanye nokumelana okuhle kwe-asidi. Ububi bayo ukuthi amandla omshini awaphezulu futhi ukusebenza kukagesi kubi. Izindawo ezahlukene zinezindinganiso ezahlukene. Embonini ye-fiber yengilazi yasekhaya, ayikho into ye-boron engilazini ye-alkali ephakathi nendawo. Kodwa embonini ye-fiber yengilazi yangaphandle, lokho ezikukhiqizayo yingilazi ye-alkali ephakathi nendawo equkethe i-boron. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi okuqukethwe kuhlukile, kodwa nendima edlalwa yingilazi ye-alkali ephakathi nendawo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe nayo ihlukile. Ama-fiber surface mat engilazi kanye nezinduku ze-fiber yengilazi ezikhiqizwa kwamanye amazwe zenziwe ngengilazi ye-alkali ephakathi nendawo. Ekukhiqizweni, ingilazi ye-alkali ephakathi nendawo nayo iyasebenza e-asphalt. Ezweni lakithi, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yentengo yayo ephansi kakhulu, futhi isebenza yonke indawo embonini yendwangu yokugoqa kanye nendwangu yokuhlunga.
1.7.3 Ingilazi yefayibha A ingilazi
Ekukhiqizweni, abantu bayibiza nangokuthi ingilazi ene-alkali ephezulu, engeyengilazi ye-sodium silicate, kodwa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo namanzi, ngokuvamile ayikhiqizwa njenge-fiber yengilazi.
1.7.4 Ingilazi ye-Fiberglass D
Ibizwa nangokuthi ingilazi ye-dielectric futhi ngokuvamile iyinto eluhlaza eyinhloko yemicu yengilazi ye-dielectric.
1.7.5 Ingilazi enamandla aphezulu enefayibha yengilazi
Amandla ayo aphezulu nge-1/4 kune-fiber ye-E-glass, kanti i-modulus yayo enwebekayo iphakeme kune-fiber ye-E-glass. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezahlukahlukene, kufanele isetshenziswe kabanzi, kodwa ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphakeme, okwamanje isetshenziswa kuphela emikhakheni ethile ebalulekile, njengemboni yezempi, izindiza nokunye.
1.7.5 Ingilazi ye-AR yefayibha yengilazi
Ibizwa nangokuthi i-fiber yengilazi engamelani ne-alkali, okuyi-fiber emsulwa engaphili futhi isetshenziswa njengento yokuqinisa kukhonkrithi eqiniswe nge-fiber yengilazi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ingathatha indawo yensimbi ne-asbestos.
1.7.6 Ingilazi ye-fiber E-CR yengilazi
Iyingilazi ethuthukisiwe engenaboron futhi engena-alkali. Ngenxa yokuthi ukumelana kwayo namanzi kuphakeme cishe ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunokwefayibha yengilazi engena-alkali, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo engangeni manzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana kwayo ne-asidi nakho kunamandla kakhulu, futhi ithatha indawo evelele ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwemicu yengilazi evame kakhulu okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, ososayensi manje sebesungule uhlobo olusha lwefayibha yengilazi. Ngenxa yokuthi ingumkhiqizo ongenaboron, iyanelisa ukuphishekela kwabantu ukuvikela imvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kukhona olunye uhlobo lwefayibha yengilazi oluthandwa kakhulu, okuyifayibha yengilazi enokwakheka kwengilazi ephindwe kabili. Emikhiqizweni yamanje yoboya bengilazi, singabona ukuthi ikhona.
1.8 Ukuhlonza imicu yengilazi
Indlela yokuhlukanisa imicu yengilazi ilula kakhulu, okungukuthi, faka imicu yengilazi emanzini, uyifudumale kuze kube yilapho amanzi ebila, bese uyigcina amahora angu-6-7. Uma uthola ukuthi izinkomba zemicu yengilazi ezigobile nezigobile aziba zincane kangako, kuba imicu yengilazi ene-alkali ephezulu. Ngokwezindinganiso ezahlukene, kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa imicu yengilazi, ngokuvamile ezihlukaniswe ngombono wobude nobubanzi, ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-22-2022
